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Volume 2, Issue 1 ((Spring and Summer) 2015)
In order to investigate the effect of an electromagnetic field and ultrasonic waves on the seed germination of Cuminum cyminum that two separate experiments using a completely randomized design with four replications was conducted at Seed Science and Technology Laboratory of Faculty Agricultural Sciences, the Shahed University of Tehran in 2012. In the first experiment, for the seeds of zero, 10 and 30 min exposure to electromagnetic field intensity was 88 microTesla. In the second test (ultrasonic waves), seeds for zero, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 min exposure ultrasonic waves’ intensity were 40 and 59 kHz. The interaction between the electromagnetic field and the length had a significant effect on the traits of length, fresh weight and dry weight of root and shoot, length and weight of root to shoot ratio, percent and rate germination and mean germination time. In most of the studied traits showed that electromagnetic field causes a significant decrease in the number of traits so that the control (zero M.T) had the highest value. The interaction of Ultrasonic waves at the time had a significant effect of on the most traits. Maximum germination percentage (100%) for the treatment of 40 kHz with duration of 4 and 6 minutes and mean germination time was highest in control (10.76 days) and 59 kHz treatment duration of 2 and 4 min (respectively 11.01 and 10.75 days). Generally, Cuminum cyminum seeds responded positively to the use of ultrasonic waves (In contrast field) and germination index was significantly increased in this case.
Volume 2, Issue 1 ((Spring and Summer) 2015)
In order to evaluate the effect of priming on some germination and seedling growth characteristics of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under drought stress, an experiment was conducted base on completely randomized design with four replications at the Seed Technology Laboratory of Yasouj University, in 2011. Treatments were included of five priming levels (control or no prime, hydro priming, potassium nitrate 3% (KNO3), PEG and Urea -4 bar) as the first factor and three levels of drought stress (0, -4 and -8 bar) as the second factor. The results showed that the interactions of drought stress and seed priming on germination percentage and the germination rate was not significant. But the main impact of priming and drought stress on them was so significant at 1% probability. The highest germination percentage and germination rate (75.66% and 3.62 seed.day-1, respectively) were shown in urea priming and the lowest (52% and 2.31 seed.day-1 respectively) in the control treatment (no prime). Drought stress was caused a significant decrease in germination traits. In general, the results obtained in this study showed that treatment with urea and potassium nitrate compared with PEG improved germination and seedling growth of safflower.
Volume 6, Issue 2 ((Autumn & Winter) 2020)
Extended abstract
Introduction: Conditional dormancy (CD) is a dynamic state between dormancy (D) and nondormancy (ND). Seeds at the conditional dormancy stage germinate over a narrower range of temporal conditions. Conditional dormancy is usually observed in seeds with physiological dormancy. However, primary conditional dormancy has also been seen in some freshly harvested seeds. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether freshly harvested oilseeds have non-dormancy or conditional dormancy.
Materials and Methods: A factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with four replications at Seed Technology Laboratory of Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, Iran, in 2018. In this experiment, seeds of rapeseed were collected from 20 different locations in Golestan and Mazandaran provinces. Following that, a germination test was carried out at different temperatures (5, 15, 20, 30, 35°C), and the germination percentage and seed germination rate were recorded. In order to break seed dormancy, two treatments were used: gibberellic acid and after-ripening. For after-ripening treatment, seeds were stored in a paper bag in a dry and dark environment for 6 months. For gibberellic acid treatment, a solution of 100 parts per million (PPM) of gibberellic acid was prepared and added to the Petri dishes. Subsequently, the percentage and rate of germination were recorded.
Results: The results showed that freshly harvested seeds had primary conditional dormancy and germinated in a narrow range of temporal conditions. In addition, cardinal temperatures for freshly harvested seeds were 4.45 and 27.8 for bases and ceilings, respectively. Following gibberellic acid and after-ripening treatments, seeds germinated in a wider range of temperatures and base and ceiling temperatures reached 1.74 and about 40°C, respectively. Thus, germination percentage of seeds treated with gibberellic acid and after-ripening increased at both high and low temperatures. However, the increase in germination percentage was higher at high temperatures than low temperatures. In addition, the effect of gibberellic acid treatment was more than that of after-ripening treatment on the release of dormancy, and after-ripening treatment had an intermediate effect between the gibberellic acid and freshly harvested seeds.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this experiment, the application of gibberellic acid and after-ripening treatments resulted in breaking the dormancy of freshly harvested seeds and increased germination temperature range at high and low temperatures. Of the two treatments, gibberellic acid had the greatest effect on breaking dormancy and increasing temperature range. Among the cultivars, these changes were maximum in the germination capacity of Hyola 50 and Trapar cultivars and Trapar cultivar had minimum changes.
Highlights:
1-Conditional dormancy of oilseed cultivars was investigated under different environmental conditions.
2-Application of gibberellic acid and after-ripening treatments resulted in breaking primary conditional dormancy in oilseed cultivars.
Volume 9, Issue 2 ((Autumn & Winter) 2023)
Introduction: Lallemnatia ibercia (Dragon’s head) is an annual herb, which belongs to the Lamiaceae family. Nowadays, its seed is widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries due to its high mucilage and oil content. Soil moisture, nutrition, light, and temperature of the maternal environment play an important role in plant growth. However, the effect of soil moisture on yield and seed quality indices is greater during seed development. The positive effects of maternal plant nutrition with mycorrhizal inoculation can influence the quality improvement of the seeds developed under water deficit conditions. The reason for the quality improvement of the seeds developed under mycorrhizal inoculation condition is reported to be their water balance under water deficit conditions and as a result, more absorption of water and nutrients. Nutrient uptake by the maternal plant can play an important role in improving the germination and quality characteristics of the seeds developed under drought stress.
Materials and Methods: A field experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications at the Seed Science and Technology Laboratory of the College of Agriculture, Shahed University during f 2018-19 and 2019-20 years. Experimental treatments included irrigation regime (30, 60 and 90% of depletion of available soil water (ASW)) and mycorrhizal inoculation (non-inoculation and inoculation).
Results: The results showed that a reduction in soil moisture in the maternal environment decreased germination percentage and seed quality. Germination percentage (51.20%) germination rate (7%), seed vigor index (27.70%), seedling length (28.3%), seedling dry weight (34.80%), seed mucilage (75.40%), as well as seed nutrients (27.30%), seed oil (14.60%) and catalase (35.25%) and ascorbate peroxidase (25.70%) enzymes activities enhanced in the seeds developed under 60% depletion of available soil water and application of mycorrhizal compared to control (30% depletion of available soil water and without mycorrhizal). Compared with the 30% depletion of available soil water and without mycorrhizal, mean germination time (17%) and lipid peroxidation (41.10%) increased under the 90% depletion of available soil water and without fertilizer mycorrhizal.
Conclusions: According to the results of this study, the irrigation regime of 60% available soil water depletion of maternal plants leads to the reduction of seed quality. However, the nutrition of maternal plants by mycorrhizal inoculation effectively improved the quality of seeds developed under water deficit due to the absorption of water and nutrients.
Highlights:
- Germination and seedling growth indices, quality and biochemical characteristics of the Lallemantia iberica seeds developed under different conditions of irrigation regime were investigated.
- The effect of mycorrhiza on nutrient uptake, oil content, and antioxidant enzyme activity of the seeds developed under different irrigation regimes was investigated.
- The extent of damage to the lipid structures of cells in the seeds developed under different irrigation regimes and mycorrhiza fertilizer was investigated.
Volume 11, Issue 1 ((Spring and Summer) 2024)
Introduction: Production of high-quality seeds is a major concern in the agriculture industry. The lifespan of a seed, which can extend over several decades, is essential for safeguarding the plant's genetic resources. Storage conditions, including seed moisture level, relative humidity, gases (such as oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide), and temperature, are the primary factors that determine seed lifespan. Among these aging treatment, oxygen has the most detrimental effect on seed germination, storage metabolic activities, and enzyme activity of dried seeds. Lalemantia iberica and Lallemantia royleana seeds contain high levels of fatty acids, especially linolenic acid (56-67%), which have significant beneficial effects on health. However, a large number of L. iberica and L. royleana seeds deteriorate due to inadequate storage conditions by most farmers. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of different storage conditions, especially natural and controlled aging, aging with oxygen, and nitrogen on germination, chemical activities, metabolic reserves, and enzymatic activities of dry L. iberica and L. royleana seeds.
Materials and Methods: A factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with four replications was carried out in the seed science laboratory at the Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid University in 2021. The experimental treatments included storage environments (control, natural aging, controlled aging, and aging with oxygen and nitrogen pressure) and plant species (Lallemantia iberica and Lallemantia royleana).
Results: The results indicated that aging with oxygen had the most detrimental impact on the germination rate, seed germination, reservoirs content, and the activity of alpha and beta amylase enzymes, compared with controlled and natural aging in both species. Conversely, the highest levels of electrical conductivity, hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation, and saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were observed in dry seeds stored under oxygen aging conditions. In comparison to artificial aging (controlled aging and oxygen aging), seeds stored under natural aging conditions exhibited the highest germination rate, storage compound content, and α amylase enzyme activity. Throughout the storage process, it was observed that the deterioration rate was higher in the dry seeds of L. iberica compared with L. royleana.
Conclusions: Aging with oxygen can be regarded as a rapid artificial aging method for assessing the longevity of dry seeds. Conversely, the use of low temperature and humidity conditions in natural aging can be considered a practical method for preserving the quality and longevity of seeds. Due to their high content of storage compounds (sucrose, starch, and total sugar content), L. royleana seeds can be stored for extended periods.
Highlights:
- Seed aging led to an increase in biochemical indices such as lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide, and saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.
- The rate of deterioration in dry seeds of L. iberica was higher than those of L. royleana.
- The content of storage compounds and the activity of amylase enzymes were higher in L. royleana seeds compared with L. iberica.
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Seed Science and Technology, Seed Physiology, Seed Ecology, Modeling, Seed Health, Germination Characteristics, Seed Dormancy, Seed Ageing, Seed Storage, Seed PrimingVote
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