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Showing 5 results for Akbari
Masume Hematifar, Ali Tehranifar, Hasan Akbari Bishe, Bahram Abedi,
Volume 4, Issue 2 ((Autumn & Winter) 2018)
Volume 4, Issue 2 ((Autumn & Winter) 2018)
Abstract
Given the medicinal and ornamental properties of Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.), and given that there are some problems in its propagation, which is due to the hard cover of the seeds and immature embryo, working out techniques that can facilitate the process of seeds’ germination is of great import. Thus, the present study sought to identify the best method for the purpose of breaking the seed dormancy of 8 species of native hawthorn of Iran. The study was carried out as factorial with a completely randomized design and had three replications. The first, second and third factors were, respectively species of Hawthorn in eight levels, sulfuric acid in three levels (half and an hour versus non-treated (control) and chilling treatment in three levels (90, 105 and 120 days, respectively). The results showed that the highest percentage of germination (32%) and germination rate (9.1 day-1) were obtained under the interaction of sulfuric acid treatment for one hour, followed by a 120-day chilling period in C.turkestanica, which had a significant difference with other treatments. It is concluded that hawthorn seeds have deep endocarp and physiological dormancy. The interaction of Sulfuric acid treatment and moist chilling play an important role in increasing the percentage and speed of germination of Hawthorn seeds.
Highlights:
- Achieving the best way to break the dormancy of Hawthorn seeds in different species and genotypes.
- Shortening the seeds’ germination time.
Forough Hajivand Ghasemabadi, Hamid Reza Eisvand, Naser Akbari, Omid Ali Akbarpour,
Volume 6, Issue 1 ((Spring and Summer) 2019)
Volume 6, Issue 1 ((Spring and Summer) 2019)
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Introduction: Agriculture has been influenced by different abiotic stresses such as temperature, drought and salinity, which reduces roughly half of the yield of crops. In many forage plants, germination and early seedling growth are the most sensitive stages of their growth in the face of environmental stresses. Current research was conducted to study the effects of drought and salinity iso-osmosis stresses on germination indices and growth parameters of three clover species, including Trifolium resupinatum, T. alexandrinum and T. incarnatum.
Material and Methods: Two separate experiments (drought and salinity) were conducted as a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications. The test factors included clover species with three levels, including T. resupinatum, T. alexandrinum and T. incarnatum and different levels of drought and salinity potentials (0, -2, -4, -6, -8, -10 and -12 bar) due to polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) and sodium chloride (NaCl), respectively. Sterile disposable petri dishes with a diameter of 10 cm were used, in each of which, 27 seeds were placed on filter paper and then 5 ml of the desired treatment solution was added to each. Petri dishes were then placed in a germinator at 20°C and relative humidity of 75%. After the end of the desired time germination (About 14 days), from each petri, germination percentage and rate, number of secondary roots, time to get 50% germination (D50), root to shoot ratio and the number of abnormal seedlings were recorded.
Results: Inhibitory effects of salinity and drought stresses affected all germination indices. Germination percentage, rate of germination, root and shoot length all decreased with increasing stress levels, while time to get 50% germination (D50) increased with the increase in stress levels. Under both drought and salinity, all growth parameters of Trifolium resupinatum were higher than the other two species. Germination percentage of T. incarnatum was 0% at -12 bar of drought, but germination of T. resupinatum and T. alexandrinum was 70.33% and 7.33% at -12 bar of these stresses, respectively. Under salinity conditions, all the seeds of the three species germinated at -12 bar. Root to shoot ratio increased with increasing stress levels and at high stress levels, it decreased. The decreases were 41.39% and 0% in drought and salinity, respectively. The number of secondary roots increased with increasing stress levels and the maximum number was observed in Trifolium alexandrinum which was 5.42 and 1 in drought and salinity, respectively. The number of abnormal seedling increased with increasing salinity levels, while under drought conditions there was no abnormal seedling.
Conclusion: Comparison of the effects of sodium chloride and polyethylene glycol showed that sodium chloride reduced germination index due to toxic effects or osmotic effects more than polyethylene glycol solution. It seems that Trifolium resupinatum has the best yield in both drought and salinity stresses, and that in drought condition, Trifolium alexandrinum, and in salinity stress, Trifolium incarnatum have the best performance.
Highlights:
- Introduction of clover species with more tolerance to drought and salinity in germination stage.
- Evaluation of germination indices of clover species under drought and salinity iso-osmotic conditions.
Maryam Akbari, Mehdi Baradaran, Mohammadreza Amerian, Naser Farrokhi,
Volume 6, Issue 2 ((Autumn & Winter) 2020)
Volume 6, Issue 2 ((Autumn & Winter) 2020)
Abstract
Extended abstract
Introduction: A wide range of deteriorative conditions (especially moisture content and temperature) may affect seed quality during storage which may lead to seed aging. As the most important component of the phenylpropanoids pathway, trans-cinnamic acid, found abundantly in plants and its endogenous levels is influenced by stress conditions. The present study was conducted to investigate germination features, seed reserve mobilization, electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content in aged cowpea seeds affected by different concentrations of cinnamic acid.
Materials and Methods: The research has been performed in the laboratory of Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Iran. The experiment was designed as a factorial (two factors of the experiment included two levels of seed quality including non-aged and aged seeds and five levels of cinnamic acid concentrations including 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 µM) based on a completely randomized design. Accelerated aging was applied as an efficient method to mimic storage conditions in the presence of accelerating factors. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) seeds (Bastam local variety) were incubated in a relative humidity of 95% and a temperature of 43 °C for 72 h to accelerate aging. Both seed lots were treated with 5 different concentrations of cinnamic acid for 6 h followed by standard germination and vigor tests. Data of germination and vigor tests were processed using the GERMINATOR software. Heterotrophic growth, seed reserves mobilization, electrical conductivity and membrane lipid peroxidation were assessed using the available methods.
Results: In this study, cowpea seeds responded to cinnamic acid differently based on their primary quality. In deteriorated seeds, concentrations of 45 µM and 60 µM could successfully enhance seed germination percentage, as compared with the aged seeds (i.e., control). A concentration of 45 µM also improved the vigor of deteriorated seeds. Seed pretreatment of 15, 30 and 45 µM enhanced seed reserves utilization in non-aged seeds. Aging negatively affected area under curve, germination uniformity and seedling dry weight of the deteriorated seeds. Application of 30 µM cinnamic acid improved germination uniformity. The area under the curve was positively affected by 15µM and 30µM. Concentrations of 45 µM and 60 µM enhanced seedling dry weight. Applying 45 µM cinnamic acid decreased electrolyte leakage by 38% and improved efficiency of seed reserves mobilization. Moreover, seed malondialdehyde content, as an indication of membrane lipid peroxidation, showed a sharp decline by applying increased concentrations of cinnamic acid.
Conclusions: Based on our results, cowpea seeds respond to cinnamic acid differently based on their primary quality. These results imply that seed pretreatment with 45 µM cinnamic acid may successfully invigorate aged cowpea seeds. We also conclude that cinnamic acid application cannot improve physiological traits and can be regarded as a potent antioxidant in the invigoration of the aged seeds.
Highlights:
- This is the first study focusing on the role of cinnamic acid in alleviating deterioration in aged seeds.
- Cinnamic acid has been introduced as a robust antioxidant, which is effective in reducing the deleterious effects of seed deterioration.
Behzad Nouri Feli, Hamid Reza Eisvand, Naser Akbari, Dariush Goodarzi,
Volume 8, Issue 2 ((Autumn & Winter) 2022)
Volume 8, Issue 2 ((Autumn & Winter) 2022)
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Introduction: Providing important and effective elements such as zinc and boron- especially in areas where the soil for some reason cannot meet the needs of the plant- will be a good solution to improve seed and seedling quality and nutrition, and community health status. A considerable part of the wheat producing regions in the country are faced with late season haet during seed development stages. Thus, the present study will investigate the effect of heat stress and mother plant nutrition with zinc and boron micronutrients on seed deterioration and physiological quality of wheat seedlings.
Material and Methods: In a field experiment, wheat seeds were planted on two suitable planting dates (November 20) and late (January 5) to apply late-season heat stress during the seed development stage with three replications in Ramhormoz, Iran. The nutrition of mother plants with zinc and boron elements was done at three levels (nutrient-free and application of zinc and boron) as a foliar application. After harvest, the seeds were transferred to the laboratory and membrane integrity of seed cells was investigated using an electrical conductivity test as an indicator of deterioration. Another part of the seeds was planted in a factorial pot experiment based on RCBD with three replications to evaluate the quality of seeds and seedlings in the greenhouse.
Results: The results showed that exposure of seeds to heat stress during development reduced seed quality as well as seedlings so that the cell membrane in the seeds produced under heat stress conditions was damaged and their electrical conductivity increased by 19%. Also, these seeds showed more sensitivity to deterioration. The percentage of seedling emergence in the stressed seeds decreased by 21.66%. Heat stress also reduced seedling quality indices such as chlorophyll content, shoot dry weight, and root dry weight. Application of zinc and boron on the mother plant not only led to improved quality of seeds and seedlings under normal conditions but also the negative effects of heat stress on seed and seedling quality were reduced. There was a significant negative correlation between the seed electrical conductivity test and qualitative parameters. Therefore, the use of this test is recommended to determine the quality of seeds, especially seeds produced under late-season heat stress conditions.
Conclusion: Noting the negative effect of heat during seed development on seed quality, planting dates should be adjusted as much as possible so that the seed development stage does not coincide with the late-season heat stress. Due to the beneficial effects of using zinc and boron in the mother plant on many traits related to the quality of seeds and seedlings, their application- especially zinc- in soils with deficiency or the possibility of heat stress at the end of the season is recommended.
Highlights:
Introduction: Providing important and effective elements such as zinc and boron- especially in areas where the soil for some reason cannot meet the needs of the plant- will be a good solution to improve seed and seedling quality and nutrition, and community health status. A considerable part of the wheat producing regions in the country are faced with late season haet during seed development stages. Thus, the present study will investigate the effect of heat stress and mother plant nutrition with zinc and boron micronutrients on seed deterioration and physiological quality of wheat seedlings.
Material and Methods: In a field experiment, wheat seeds were planted on two suitable planting dates (November 20) and late (January 5) to apply late-season heat stress during the seed development stage with three replications in Ramhormoz, Iran. The nutrition of mother plants with zinc and boron elements was done at three levels (nutrient-free and application of zinc and boron) as a foliar application. After harvest, the seeds were transferred to the laboratory and membrane integrity of seed cells was investigated using an electrical conductivity test as an indicator of deterioration. Another part of the seeds was planted in a factorial pot experiment based on RCBD with three replications to evaluate the quality of seeds and seedlings in the greenhouse.
Results: The results showed that exposure of seeds to heat stress during development reduced seed quality as well as seedlings so that the cell membrane in the seeds produced under heat stress conditions was damaged and their electrical conductivity increased by 19%. Also, these seeds showed more sensitivity to deterioration. The percentage of seedling emergence in the stressed seeds decreased by 21.66%. Heat stress also reduced seedling quality indices such as chlorophyll content, shoot dry weight, and root dry weight. Application of zinc and boron on the mother plant not only led to improved quality of seeds and seedlings under normal conditions but also the negative effects of heat stress on seed and seedling quality were reduced. There was a significant negative correlation between the seed electrical conductivity test and qualitative parameters. Therefore, the use of this test is recommended to determine the quality of seeds, especially seeds produced under late-season heat stress conditions.
Conclusion: Noting the negative effect of heat during seed development on seed quality, planting dates should be adjusted as much as possible so that the seed development stage does not coincide with the late-season heat stress. Due to the beneficial effects of using zinc and boron in the mother plant on many traits related to the quality of seeds and seedlings, their application- especially zinc- in soils with deficiency or the possibility of heat stress at the end of the season is recommended.
Highlights:
- Zinc and boron micronutrients were used to mitigate the harmful effects of heat stress on seed quality.
- Physiological characteristics of seedlings obtained from seeds produced in the field under late-season heat stress conditions were investigated.
Asieh Siahmarguee, Farshid Ghaderifa, Javid Gherekhloo, Atefeh Akbari Gelvardi, Maryam Gorgani,
Volume 9, Issue 1 ((Spring and Summer) 2022)
Volume 9, Issue 1 ((Spring and Summer) 2022)
Abstract
Extended abstract:
Introduction: Reports indicate the invasion of two species of Ivy-leaved morning-glory (Ipomoea hederaceae Jacq) and Asian spider flower (Cleome viscosa L.) to summer crops fields such as soybeans in Golestan province. Considering the importance of knowing the cardinal temperatures of germination in the models for predicting the presence of weeds and consequently designing correct management strategies on these plants, this experiment was conducted to study the germination behavior and to compare the cardinal temperatures of germination for two species of Ivy-leaved morning-glory and Asian spider flower under two conditions of constant and alternating temperatures.
Materials and Methods: In order to study the effects of constant and alternating temperature on the percent, rate and estimating cardinal temperature of germination for Ivy-leaved morning glory and Asian spider flower, two separate experiments as a Completely Randomized Design with four replications were carried out at the seed laboratory of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Studied temperature treatments on Ivy-leaved morning glory included the constant temperatures of 10,15,17,20,25,30,35 and 40 oC and alternating temperatures of 12.5:7.5,10:15, 12.5:20, 15:25, 20:30, 25:37.5, 30:42.5 and 35:45 oC. Temperature treatments on Asian spider flower included the constant temperatures of 15, 20, 23, 25, 28, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50 o C and alternating temperatures of 15:20, 20:25, 20:30, 25:30, 25:35, 30:40, 30:45, 30:50 and 40:50 oC.
Results: Results indicated that alternating temperatures had a positive effect on the germination of Ivy-leaved morning glory, which increased from 78% at constant temperatures to 94% at alternative temperatures. However, the maximum germination percentage of Asian spiderflower at the alternative temperature of 20:30 was 79%, which had no significant difference with a constant temperature of 30 with 84% germination. The base temperature for seed germination of Ivy-leaved morning glory at alternating temperatures (10.09 oC) was a little lower than that of constant temperatures (11.25 oC). But in Asian spider flower, the base temperature at alternating temperatures (17.57 oC) was more than that of constant temperatures (15.43 o C).
Conclusion: The most important factor in the occurrence of such different responses to constant and alternating temperatures in Ivy-leaved morning glory and Asian spider flower is their adaptation to environmental conditions and their survival in highly degraded agricultural environments. These two weeds are warm-season plants and their seeds enter the soil seed bank in autumn. The presence of dormancy (regardless of its type) in the seeds of these two plants prevents the germination of their seeds in winter; and the experience of alternating temperatures at this time prepares the seeds for germination in the spring. The base temperature of Ivy-leaved morning glory was not much different under the constant and alternating temperature conditions. But the base temperature of Asian spider flower was higher under alternating temperatures compared with constant temperatures.
Highlights:
1- The Response of germination percentage of Ivy-leaved morning-glory and Asian spider flower were investigated under constant and alternating temperatures.
2- Cardinal temperatures of germination for these two weeds were compared at constant and alternating temperature conditions.
Introduction: Reports indicate the invasion of two species of Ivy-leaved morning-glory (Ipomoea hederaceae Jacq) and Asian spider flower (Cleome viscosa L.) to summer crops fields such as soybeans in Golestan province. Considering the importance of knowing the cardinal temperatures of germination in the models for predicting the presence of weeds and consequently designing correct management strategies on these plants, this experiment was conducted to study the germination behavior and to compare the cardinal temperatures of germination for two species of Ivy-leaved morning-glory and Asian spider flower under two conditions of constant and alternating temperatures.
Materials and Methods: In order to study the effects of constant and alternating temperature on the percent, rate and estimating cardinal temperature of germination for Ivy-leaved morning glory and Asian spider flower, two separate experiments as a Completely Randomized Design with four replications were carried out at the seed laboratory of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Studied temperature treatments on Ivy-leaved morning glory included the constant temperatures of 10,15,17,20,25,30,35 and 40 oC and alternating temperatures of 12.5:7.5,10:15, 12.5:20, 15:25, 20:30, 25:37.5, 30:42.5 and 35:45 oC. Temperature treatments on Asian spider flower included the constant temperatures of 15, 20, 23, 25, 28, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50 o C and alternating temperatures of 15:20, 20:25, 20:30, 25:30, 25:35, 30:40, 30:45, 30:50 and 40:50 oC.
Results: Results indicated that alternating temperatures had a positive effect on the germination of Ivy-leaved morning glory, which increased from 78% at constant temperatures to 94% at alternative temperatures. However, the maximum germination percentage of Asian spiderflower at the alternative temperature of 20:30 was 79%, which had no significant difference with a constant temperature of 30 with 84% germination. The base temperature for seed germination of Ivy-leaved morning glory at alternating temperatures (10.09 oC) was a little lower than that of constant temperatures (11.25 oC). But in Asian spider flower, the base temperature at alternating temperatures (17.57 oC) was more than that of constant temperatures (15.43 o C).
Conclusion: The most important factor in the occurrence of such different responses to constant and alternating temperatures in Ivy-leaved morning glory and Asian spider flower is their adaptation to environmental conditions and their survival in highly degraded agricultural environments. These two weeds are warm-season plants and their seeds enter the soil seed bank in autumn. The presence of dormancy (regardless of its type) in the seeds of these two plants prevents the germination of their seeds in winter; and the experience of alternating temperatures at this time prepares the seeds for germination in the spring. The base temperature of Ivy-leaved morning glory was not much different under the constant and alternating temperature conditions. But the base temperature of Asian spider flower was higher under alternating temperatures compared with constant temperatures.
Highlights:
1- The Response of germination percentage of Ivy-leaved morning-glory and Asian spider flower were investigated under constant and alternating temperatures.
2- Cardinal temperatures of germination for these two weeds were compared at constant and alternating temperature conditions.
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