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دانشگاه یاسوج ، balouchi@yu.ac.ir
چکیده:   (640 مشاهده)
چکیده مبسوط
مقدمه: بنیه ضعیف گیاهچه یکی از مشکلات اصلی در کشاورزی است که قابلیت جوانه‌زنی بذر و استقرار گیاهچه را کاهش داده و به‌طور مستقیم بر استقرار و عملکرد گیاه تأثیر می‌گذارد. استفاده از روش‌های پیش‌تیمار بذر با مواد شیمیایی و تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد می‌تواند به‌عنوان راهکاری مؤثر در تقویت بنیه گیاهچه و بهبود صفات بیوشیمیایی و جوانه‌زنی بذر مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. در این مطالعه، تقویت بنیه گیاهچه‌های ذرت شیرین به کمک پیش‌تیمارهای اسید الاژیک، جیبرلین و نیترات پتاسیم تحت آزمون پیری تسریع شده بررسی شد.
مواد و روش­ها: این آزمایش در آزمایشگاه فناوری بذر دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه یاسوج در سال‌ 1403 به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با دو عامل صورت گرفت. فاکتور اول پیری تسریع شده بذر در دو سطح (زوال‌ و بدون زوال) و فاکتور دوم پیش‌تیمار بذر در 8 سطح (بدون پیش‌تیمار، پیش‌تیمار با آب مقطر، اسید الاژیک در دو سطح (25 و 100 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر)، جیبرلین در دو سطح (50 و 150 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر) و نیترات پتاسیم در دو سطح (15 و 60 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر) بود. در نهایت صفات بیوشیمیایی و جوانه‌زنی بذرها اندازه‌گیری شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که زوال بذر به‌طور معنی‌داری منجر به کاهش خصوصیات جوانه‌زنی شامل درصد و سرعت جوانه‌زنی، طول ساقه‌چه، طول ریشه‌چه و شاخص طولی و وزنی بنیه گیاهچه شد. همچنین، شاخص‌های بیوشیمیایی نظیر محتوای قندهای محلول و فعالیت آنزیم آلفا آمیلاز تحت تأثیر منفی زوال کاهش یافتند. از سوی دیگر، زوال بذر موجب افزایش محتوای پرولین، مالون دی‌آلدهید و فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز گردید که نشان‌دهنده تشدید تنش اکسیداتیو در شرایط زوال است. پیش‌تیمار بذرهای زوال‌یافته با اسید الاژیک، جیبرلین و نیترات پتاسیم تأثیر مثبتی در بهبود خصوصیات جوانه‌زنی و شاخص‌های بیوشیمیایی داشت. به‌طور خاص، غلظت‌های 100 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر اسید الاژیک، 150 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر جیبرلین و 15 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر نیترات پتاسیم مؤثرترین پیش‌تیمارها بودند.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که پیش‌تیمار بذرهای زوال‌یافته ذرت شیرین رقم بیسین با اسید الاژیک، جیبرلین و نیترات پتاسیم موجب بهبود قابل توجه جوانه‌زنی و شاخص‌های بیوشیمیایی شد. این تیمارها با کاهش اثرات منفی زوال بذر، به تقویت بنیه و استقرار گیاهچه‌ها کمک کردند. بنابراین، این پیش‌تیمارها می‌توانند به‌عنوان روشی مؤثر برای بهبود کیفیت بذرهای رقم بیسین در شرایط مختلف زراعی پیشنهاد شوند.

جنبه‌های نوآوری:
1- زوال بذر منجر به افزایش شاخص­های بیوشیمیایی از قبیل محتوای پرولین بذر، فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز و محتوای مالون دی‌آلدهید بذر می‌گردد.
2- بنیه بذر ذرت شیرین رقم بیسین با پیش‌تیمار توسط اسید جیبرلین و الاژیک اسید بهبود می‌یابد.
3- اثر پیش‌تیمار قبل و بعد از زوال مصنوعی بر قابلیت جوانه­زنی و بنیه بذر ذرت شیرین رقم بیسین مقایسه و بررسی شد.
     
نوع مطالعه: پژوهشي | موضوع مقاله: فیزیولوژی بذر
دریافت: 1403/11/7 | ویرایش نهایی: 1404/3/5 | پذیرش: 1403/12/25

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