Volume 8, Issue 2 ((Autumn & Winter) 2022)
Iranian J. Seed Res. 2022, 8(2): 151-173 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Shahbazi N, Kazemitabar S K, Kiani G, Pakdin Parizi A, Mehraban Joubani P. (2022). Evaluating the Germination Indices of Different Genotypes of Sesame Plant (Sesamum indicum) Under Salinity Stress. Iranian J. Seed Res.. 8(2), : 10 doi:10.52547/yujs.8.2.151
URL: http://yujs.yu.ac.ir/jisr/article-1-487-en.html
URL: http://yujs.yu.ac.ir/jisr/article-1-487-en.html
Nader Shahbazi 
, Seyyed Kamal Kazemitabar * 
, Ghaffar Kiani , Ali Pakdin Parizi , Pooyan Mehraban Joubani
, Seyyed Kamal Kazemitabar * , Ghaffar Kiani , Ali Pakdin Parizi , Pooyan Mehraban Joubani
Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources (SANRU) Department of Plant Breeding, Sari, Iran , k.kazemitabar@sanru.ac.ir
Abstract: (2596 Views)
Extended abstract
Introduction: One of the ways to overcome the limitation of fresh water and lack of sufficient water reserves for agriculture is to use unconventional waters such as seawater. Salinity stress is the most important abiotic stress in seawater application. Identification and planting of salinity tolerant genotypes of a plant species is one of the effective and valuable strategies in reducing the effects of salinity stress. Germination, growth and seedling establishment are among the salinity-sensitive stages in most plants. Therefore, for improvement of abiotic stress tolerance in plants, it is necessary to study the traits and indicators related to tolerance in the germination stage.
Material and Methods: A factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with three replications at the laboratory of Plant Breeding Department of Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources in 2020. The first factor included the cultivars and the second included 5 salinity levels (control (no seawater), 3, 6, 9 and 11 dS (deciSiemens per meter) obtained from the incorporation of Caspian Sea and urban water. The number of germinated seeds was counted during eight days of salinity stress. Then, germination percentage, time required for 50% germination, seedling vigor index and germination rate were calculated. On the eighth day, radicle and plumule dry and fresg weights, radicle and plumule length and seedling dry weight were measured.
Results: The results of analysis of variance showed the significance of the effect of different salinity levels, genotype and the interaction of salinity and genotype for all calculated indices at p<0.01. Mean comparison of the interaction of different levels of salinity and cultivars and landraces showed that all the studied traits except for the time to reach fifty percent germination decreased with increasing salinity. Among the studied cultivars, Oltan cultivar had the highest value of germination percentage (100%), germination rate (24.17 seeds per day), seedling vigor index (5.03), plumule length (55.67 mm), radicle length (70 mm), plumule fresh weight (62 mg), radicle fresh weight (45 mg), plumule dry weight (4.77 mg), seedling dry weight (6/23 Mg) and the lowest amount of the time required for 50% germination (24.17 hours) in control treatment. In contrast, Pakistani cultivar had the lowest germination rate (3.06 seeds per day), seedling vigor index (1), plumule length (8.33 mm), radicle length (3 mm), plumule fresh weight (10 mg), radicle fresh weight (2 mg), plumule dry weight (0.57 mg), seedling dry weight (0.84 mg) and the highest time required for 50% germination (24.17 hours) in 11 dS / m salinity level. Using the results of this experiment, among the studied cultivars, Oltan cultivar was selected as the most tolerant and Pakistani cultivar as the most sensitive cultivars to salinity stress at the germination stage.
Conclusion: The studied cultivars and landraces showed different reactions in terms of germination indices when treated with salinity from seawater. The high significant difference in this experiment indicated the high genetic diversity among the studied genotypes. It is possible to choose from these genotypes for salinity tolerance breeding programs in sesame plant.
Highlights:
Introduction: One of the ways to overcome the limitation of fresh water and lack of sufficient water reserves for agriculture is to use unconventional waters such as seawater. Salinity stress is the most important abiotic stress in seawater application. Identification and planting of salinity tolerant genotypes of a plant species is one of the effective and valuable strategies in reducing the effects of salinity stress. Germination, growth and seedling establishment are among the salinity-sensitive stages in most plants. Therefore, for improvement of abiotic stress tolerance in plants, it is necessary to study the traits and indicators related to tolerance in the germination stage.
Material and Methods: A factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with three replications at the laboratory of Plant Breeding Department of Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources in 2020. The first factor included the cultivars and the second included 5 salinity levels (control (no seawater), 3, 6, 9 and 11 dS (deciSiemens per meter) obtained from the incorporation of Caspian Sea and urban water. The number of germinated seeds was counted during eight days of salinity stress. Then, germination percentage, time required for 50% germination, seedling vigor index and germination rate were calculated. On the eighth day, radicle and plumule dry and fresg weights, radicle and plumule length and seedling dry weight were measured.
Results: The results of analysis of variance showed the significance of the effect of different salinity levels, genotype and the interaction of salinity and genotype for all calculated indices at p<0.01. Mean comparison of the interaction of different levels of salinity and cultivars and landraces showed that all the studied traits except for the time to reach fifty percent germination decreased with increasing salinity. Among the studied cultivars, Oltan cultivar had the highest value of germination percentage (100%), germination rate (24.17 seeds per day), seedling vigor index (5.03), plumule length (55.67 mm), radicle length (70 mm), plumule fresh weight (62 mg), radicle fresh weight (45 mg), plumule dry weight (4.77 mg), seedling dry weight (6/23 Mg) and the lowest amount of the time required for 50% germination (24.17 hours) in control treatment. In contrast, Pakistani cultivar had the lowest germination rate (3.06 seeds per day), seedling vigor index (1), plumule length (8.33 mm), radicle length (3 mm), plumule fresh weight (10 mg), radicle fresh weight (2 mg), plumule dry weight (0.57 mg), seedling dry weight (0.84 mg) and the highest time required for 50% germination (24.17 hours) in 11 dS / m salinity level. Using the results of this experiment, among the studied cultivars, Oltan cultivar was selected as the most tolerant and Pakistani cultivar as the most sensitive cultivars to salinity stress at the germination stage.
Conclusion: The studied cultivars and landraces showed different reactions in terms of germination indices when treated with salinity from seawater. The high significant difference in this experiment indicated the high genetic diversity among the studied genotypes. It is possible to choose from these genotypes for salinity tolerance breeding programs in sesame plant.
Highlights:
- Different sesame genotypes at different levels of sea salt salinity showed different response at germination stage.
- Among the cultivars studied, Oltan, Nazetakshakhe, Halil and Dashtashtan 2 showed a high degree of tolerance to salinity stress.
Article number: 10
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Seed Physiology
Received: 2020/12/12 | Revised: 2024/02/20 | Accepted: 2021/05/3 | ePublished: 2022/05/21
Received: 2020/12/12 | Revised: 2024/02/20 | Accepted: 2021/05/3 | ePublished: 2022/05/21
References
1. Afshar Mohammadian, M., Ebrahimi Nokandeh, S., Demsi, B.H. and Jamal omidi, M. 2015. The effect of different levels of salinity on germination and growth indices of four cultivars of (Arachis hypogaea L.). Journal of Plant Research (Iranian Journal of Biology), 28(1): 23-33. [In Persian with English Summary].
2. Alizadeh M.A. and Isvand, H.R. 2004. Evaluation and the study of germination potential, speed of germination and vigor index of the seeds of two species of medicinal plants (Eruca sativa Lam., Anthemis altissima L.) under cold room and dry storage condition. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 20(3): 301-307. [In Persian with English Summary].
3. Ayers, A.D. 1953. Germination and emergence of several varieties of barley in salinized soil cultures. Agronomy Journal, 45(2): 68-71. [DOI:10.2134/agronj1953.00021962004500020008x]
4. Baccio, D., Navari-Izzo, F. and Izzo, R. 2004. Sea water irrigation: antioxidant defence responses in leaves and roots of sunflower ecotype. Journal Plant Physiology, 161: 1359-1366. [DOI:10.1016/j.jplph.2003.07.001] [PMID]
5. Bliss, R.D., Platt-Aloia, K.A. and Thomson, W.W. 1986. The inhibitory effect of NaCl on barley germination. Plant, Cell and Environment, 9(9):727-733. [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3040.1986.tb02105.x]
6. Cicek N. and Cakirlar, H. 2002. The effect of salinity on some physiological parameneters in two maize cultivars. Bulgarian Journal of Plant Physiol, 28(2): 66-74.
7. Coolbear, P., Francis A. and Grierson, D. 1984. The effect of low temperature pre-sowing treatment under the germination performance and membrane integrity of artificially aged tomato seeds. Journal of Experimental Botany, 35: 1609-1617. [DOI:10.1093/jxb/35.11.1609]
8. Dakhil, B.B. and Denden, M. 2010. Salt stress induced changes in germination, sugars, starch and enzyme of carbohydrate metabolism in Abelmoschus esculentus L. (Moench.) seeds. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 5: 1412-1418
9. Enferad, A., Hosseini, M. Pustini, K. and Attari, KH. 2003. Investigation of Germination of canola cultivars under salinity conditions. Journal of Agriculture, 5(2): 14-28. [In Persian with English Summary].
10. Fallahi, J., Taghi Ebadi, M. and Ghorbani, R. 2009. The effects of salinity and drought stresses on germination and seedling growth of clary (Salvia sclarea). Journal of Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences, 1(1): 57-67. [In Persian with English Summary].
11. Farooq, M., Basra, S.M.A., Ahmad, N. and Hafeez, K. 2005. Thermal hardening: a new seed vigor enhancement tool in rice. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 47(2): 187-193. [DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7909.2005.00031.x]
12. Fazeli Kakhki, S.F., Nezami, A., Parsa, M. and Kafi, M. 2015. Evaluation of germination indices and seedling growth in sesame ecotypes (Sesamum indicum L.) under salinity conditions. Journal of Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences, 7(2): 217-232. [In Persian with English Summary].
13. Fenando, E.P., Boero, C., Gallardo, M. and Gonzalez, J. 2000. Effect of NaCl on germination, growth, and soluble suger content in Chenopodium quinonaseeds. Botany Bulletin. 41:27-34.
14. Flowers, T.J. and Yeo, A.R. 1995. Breeding for salinity resistance in crop plants: where next. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 22(6): 875-884. [DOI:10.1071/PP9950875]
15. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). 2017. The FAOSTAT Database. Available at web site http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC.
16. Froodel, S., Sadrabadi Haghighi R. and Nabavi Calat, S.M. 2011. Effect of seed priming on seedling growth of sesame (Sesamum indicam L.) under salinity stress. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 18(1): 535-543. [In Persian with English Summary].
17. Gholami, P., Ghorbani, J., Ghaderi, S.H., Salarian, F. and Karimzadeh, A. 2010. Assessment of germination indices for Vicia monantha under salinity and drought stresses. Rangeland, 4(1): 1-11. [In Persian with English Summary].
18. Gholinezhad, E. 2014. The effects of salinity stress on related germination traits of wheat genotypes. Journal of Plant Research (Iranian Journal of Biology), 27(2): 276-287. [In Persian with English Summary].
19. Homaee, M. 2002. Plants Response to Salinity. Iranian National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage, 97p. [In Persian with English Summary].
20. Hussain, G., Al-Jaloud, A.A., Al-Shammafy, S.A., Karimulla, S. and Al-Aswad, S.O. 1997. Effect of saline irrigation on germination and growth parameters of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in a pot experiment. Agricultural Water Management, 34: 125-135. [DOI:10.1016/S0378-3774(97)00011-5]
21. International Seed Testing Association (ISTA). 2005. International rol for Seed testing edition. Bassersdorf, Switzerland.
22. Izadi-Darbandi, E., Mohammadian, M., Yanegh, A. and Zarghani, H. 2012. The Effects of temperature and salinity on germination and seedling growth characteristics of sesame (Sesamum indicum) landraces. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 10(2): 335-345. [In Persian with English Summary].
23. Jamali, S., Sharifan, H., Hezarjaribi, A. and Sepahvand, N.A. 2016. The effect of different levels of salinity on germination and growth indices of two cultivars of Quinoa. Journal of Water and Soil Resources Conservation, 6(1):87-98. [In Persian with English Summary].
24. Javadi, H., Seghatoleslami, M.J. and Mosavi, S. 2014. The effect of salinity on seed germination and seedling growth of four medicinal plant species. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 12(1): 53-64. [In Persian with English Summary].
25. Jiang, C.Q., Ling-Tong, Q.U.A.N., Feng, S.H.I., Na, Y.A.N.G., Chang-Hai, W.A.N.G., Xiao-Ming, Y.I.N. and Zheng, Q.S. 2014. Distribution of mineral nutrients and active ingredients in Aloe vera irrigated with diluted seawater. Pedosphere, 24(6):722-730. [DOI:10.1016/S1002-0160(14)60059-X]
26. Kaya, M.D., Ipek, A. and Ozturk, A. 2003. Effect of different soil salinity levels on germinatin and seedling growth of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestey. 27(4): 221-227
27. Kermode, A.R. 1990. Regulatory mechanisms involved in the transition from seed development to germination. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 9(2): 155-188. [DOI:10.1080/07352689009382286]
28. Keshavarzi, M., Ashrafi, A. and Razmjoo, K.H. 2007. Effects of NaCl salinity on seed germination of 7 sesames (Sesamum indicum L.) cultivars. 1th Seed Science and Technology Ceminar Iran, Gorgan. [In Persian with English Summary].
29. Khalesro, SH. and Agha Ali Khani, M. 2006. Effect of salinity and deficit stress on germination of sorghum seeds (Sorghum bicolor L. cultivar speedfee) and Pennisetum (Pennisetum americanum L. cultivar nutrifeed). Journal of Pajouhesh & Sazandegi, 77: 153-163. [In Persian with English Summary].
30. Kornejadi, A. 2002. Evaluation of cotton genotypes resistance to salinity in the germination and seedling stage. M.Sc. Thesis, Gorgan University of Agriculture Science and natural Resources, 130p. [In Persian with English Summary].
31. Koszaski, Z. and Karczmarczyk, S. 1985. Use of saline water for irrigation of Spring Barley and Oats. Zeszyty-Naukowe-Akademii-Rolniczej-W-Szczecinie, Rolnictwo, 36: 95-105.
32. Latif, S. and Anwar, F. 2010. Aqueous enzymatic sesame oil and protein extraction. Food Chemistry, 125: 679-684. [DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.09.064]
33. Machado Neto, N.B., Saturnino, S.M., Bomfim, D.C. and Custódio, C.C. 2004. Water stress induced by mannitol and sodium chloride in soybean cultivars. Brazilian Archieves of Biology and Technology. 47(4): 521-529. [DOI:10.1590/S1516-89132004000400004]
34. Mir Mohammadi Meybodi, S. and Garayazi, B. 2001. Salt stress and physiologicalaspects of plant breeding. Isfahan University Press. Isfahan, Iran, 5: 57-65. [In Persian with English Summary].
35. Mohammed, E.L.M., Benbel, M. and Talouizete, A. 2002. Efffect of sodium chloride on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seed germination. Helia, 25(37): 51-58. [DOI:10.2298/HEL0237051M]
36. Mostafavi, KH. and Heidarian, A.R. 2013. Effects of different salinity levels on germination indices in four sunflower varieties. Iranian Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, 8(4): 123-131. [In Persian with English Summary].
37. Motamedi, M., Khodarahmpour, Z. and Naseri Rad, H. 2011. Study of physiologic tolerance of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) genotypes on salinity stress in germination stage and seedling growth. Journal of Crop Breeding, 3(8): 81-92. [In Persian with English Summary].
38. Orruno, E. and Morgan, M.R.A. 2011. Resistance of purified seed storage proteins from sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) to proteolytic digestive enzymes. Food Chemistry, 128: 923-929. [DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.03.120]
39. Rahimi, Z. and Kafi, V. 2006. Evaluation of cardinal temperatures and the effect of different temperature levels on germination indices of purslane (portulaca olercea L.). Journal of Plant Protection, 24(1):80-86. [In Persian with English Summary].
40. Rahman, M., Soomro, U.A. Zahoor-ul-Haq, M. and Gul, S. 2008. Effects of NaCl Salinity on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences 4(3): 398-403, 2008
41. Ramezani, E., Ghajar, S.M. and Naghdi, B.H. 2011. Evaluation of potential germination of Echium seeds (Echium amoenum FISCH. & MEY.) in saling condition. Watershed Management Researches (Pajouhesh-VA-Sazandegi), 24(2): 80-87. [In Persian with English Summary].
42. Ranganayakulu, G.S., Veeranagamallaiah, G. and Sudhakar, C. 2013. Effect of salt stress on osmolyte accumulation in two groundnut cultivars (Arachis hypogaea L.) with contrasting salt tolerance. African Journal of Plant Science, 12: 586-592. [DOI:10.5897/AJPS11.063]
43. Rastegar, S. and Peikari, A. 2016. Seawater salinity effect on seed germination and seedling early growth of three ornamental species. Iranian Journal of Seed Research, 3(1): 137-146. [In Persian with English Summary].
44. Sadogi, M., Sharifan, H. Pesarakli, M. and Movahedi Naeini A. 2012. Evaluation of germination of sugar beet under irrigation with Caspian Sea water. National Conference on Sea Water Utilization, Kerman, 180-190. [In Persian with English Summary].
45. Safari, H., Maddah Hosseini, SH., Azari, A. and Heshmati, M. 2013. Effect of pretreatment of salicylic acid on wheat (Sesamum indicum L.) seed germination under salt stress. The First National Conference on Salinity Stress in Plants, Tabriz, Iran, 883-887. [In Persian with English Summary].
46. Shahid, M., Pinelli, E., Pourrut, B., Silvestre, J., and Dumat, C. 2011. Lead-induced genotoxicity to Vicia faba L. roots in relation with metal cell uptake and initial speciation. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 74: 78-84. [DOI:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.08.037] [PMID]
47. Shahmoradi, A. and Sharifan, H. 2012. Study the effect of seawater on different germination parameters of wheat. National Conference on Sea Water Utilization, Kerman, Iran, 205-212. [In Persian with English Summary].
48. Tanji, K. 1995. Agricultural salinity assessment and agreement. Scientific publisher Jodhpur.
49. Valdiani, A.R., Hassanzadeh, A. and Tajbakhsh, M. 2005. Study on the effects of salt stress in germination and embryo growth stages of the four prolific and new cultivars of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Pajouhesh and Sazandegi, 66: 23-32. [In Persian with English Summary].
50. Yousef, Y.H., Binghane, F.T. and Yermonas, D.M. 1972. Growth, mineral composition and seed oil of sesame as effected by boron and exchangeable sodium. Proceeding of the American Soil Society. 36: 923-926. [DOI:10.2136/sssaj1972.03615995003600060026x]
51. Zeinali, E., Soltani, A. and Galeshi, S. 2002. Reaction seed germinations components to salinity stress in canola (Brassica nupus L.). The Journal of Agricultural Science, 33: 137-145.
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
