Volume 5, Issue 1 ((Spring and Summer) 2018)                   Iranian J. Seed Res. 2018, 5(1): 137-146 | Back to browse issues page


XML Persian Abstract Print


Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:

Modhej A, Farhoudi R, Edalat S. (2018). Response of Soybean (Williams cv.) Seed Germination to Aqueous Extract of Cocklebur (Xanthium spp.) and Common Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album). Iranian J. Seed Res.. 5(1), 137-146. doi:10.29252/yujs.5.1.137
URL: http://yujs.yu.ac.ir/jisr/article-1-244-en.html
Islamic Azad University , adelmodhej2006@yahoo.com
Abstract:   (12515 Views)
Extended abstract
Introduction: Interference caused through weeds’ and crops’ competition for environmental resources and allelopathy brings about damage in crop species. Allelopathy is defined as a direct or indirect inhibiting or provoking effect of a plant on other plants through the production of chemical compounds introduced into the environment. Although the allelopathic effects of the shoot extracts of Xanthium spp and Chenopodium album on the germination of some crops have already been investigated, very few studies have so far been conducted to evaluate their adverse effects on soybean seedling growth. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different concentrations of aqueous extract of cocklebur and lambsquarters on germination and soybean seedling growth indices under Petri and Pot conditions.
Materials and Methods: In order to study the allelopathic effects of Cocklebur and Common lambsquarters on germination and seedling growth of soybean, two separate experiments were conducted under petri and pot conditions. In this experiment, the effects of aqueous extract concentrations (25, 50, 75 and 100%) of cocklebur and common lambsquarters were evaluated on seed germination of soybean in a completely randomized design with three replications. In each pot, five soybean seeds were planted with a depth of 2 cm. The extracts were added to the pots for 2 weeks after emergence.
Results: Allelopathic effect of common lambsquarters extract concentrations was higher than that of cocklebur in both experiments. Germination percentage (GP) reduction under 25, 50, 75 and 100% concentrations of common lambsquarters was 57, 84, 96.7 and 100%, respectively. GP reduction under the same concentrations of cocklebur was 17, 20, 34 and 54%, respectively. In the pot culture conditions, the root dry weight of soybean decreased with increases in extract concentration, so that the highest root dry weight belonged to the control treatment with 64 mg and the lowest values belonged to the effect of aqueous extract of weed with a concentration of 100%. The results on the EWRC scale showed that the soybean leaflet damages increased as the extract concentrations increased. The highest leaf damages were obtained in 75 and 100% of cocklebur and Chenopodium concentrations. The negative impacts of common lambsquarters were higher than those of cocklebur.
Conclusion: In general, the results of this study showed that the effects of different concentrations of the lambsquarters extract on germination and soybean growth of the Williams cultivar were higher under both Petri and pot conditions. The percentage of germination in the concentrations of 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the aqueous extract of cocklebur was 17%, 20%, 34% and 54%, respectively, and in lambsquarters, it decreased by 57%, 84%, 96% and 100%, respectively, compared to the control. On the other hand, spraying the extracts of lambsquarters and cocklebur caused necrosis and drying of soybean leaves. According to the results, in the absence of effective control of weeds, especially lambsquarters, in soybean farms, the damage caused by allelopathic elements will lead to a significant reduction in germination and seedling growth.
 
 
Highlights:
  1. In this study, the allelopathic effect of two important soybean weeds on germination and seedling growth of this crop were compared, which had been under-researched.
  2. Seed germination reaction and seedling growth were evaluated for the extract of aerial parts in two seed culture conditions of petri dish and potted seedlings.
Keywords: Allelopathy, Cocklebur, Chenopodium, Germination persentage, Soybean
DOR: 98.1000/2383-1251.1397.5.137.9.1.1608.41
Full-Text [PDF 373 kb]   (1913 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Research | Subject: Seed Physiology
Received: 2017/12/5 | Revised: 2021/03/13 | Accepted: 2018/05/27 | ePublished: 2018/10/16

References
1. Bajji, M., Kinet, J.M. and Lutts, S. 2002. Osmotic and ionic effects of NaCl on germination, early seedling growth, and ion content of Atriplex halimus (Chenopodiaceae). Canadian Journal of Botany, 80(3): 297-304. [DOI:10.1139/b02-008]
2. Benyas, E., Hassanpouraghdam, M. B., Zehtabsalmasi, S. and Khatamian Oskooei, O.S. 2010. Allelopathic effects of Xanthium strumarium L. shoot aqueous extract on germination, seedling growth and chlorophyll content of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.). Romanian Biotechnological Letters, 15(3): 5223-5228.
3. Chon, S.U., Kim, Y.M. and Lee, J.C. 2003. Herbicidal potential and quantification of causative allelochemicals from several composite weed. Weed Research, 43(6): 444-450. [DOI:10.1046/j.0043-1737.2003.00361.x]
4. Cole, R.J., Stuart., B.P., Lansden, J.A. and Cox, R.H. 1980. Isolation ad redefinition of the toxic agent from Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.). Journal of Agricultural and food Chemistry, 28(6): 1332-1333. [DOI:10.1021/jf60232a043]
5. Hunag, J. and Redmann, R.E. 1995. Salt tolerance of Hordum and Brassica species during germination and early seedling growth. Plant Science, 75(4): 815-819.
6. Kuzel, N.R. and Miller, C.E. 1950. A phytochemical study of Xanthium canadense. Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association, 39(4): 202-204. [DOI:10.1002/jps.3030390405]
7. Lee, D.L., Prisbylla, M.P., Cromartie, T.H., Dagarin, D.P., Howard, S.W., Provan, W.M., Ellis, M. L., Fraser, T. and Mutter, L.C. 1997. The discovery and structural requirements of inhibitors of phydroxy phenyl pyruvate dioxygenase. Weed Science, 45(5): 601-609.
8. Mallik, M.A.B. and Tesfai, K. 1988. Allelopathic effect of common weeds on soybean growth and soybean-Brady rhizobium symbiosis. Plant and Soil, 112(2): 177-182. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00011107 [DOI:10.1007/BF02139993]
9. Mighani, F. 2003. Allelopathy. Parto Vagheah. 256 p. [In Persian].
10. Modhej A, Rafatjoo, A. and Behdarvandi B. 2013. Allelopathic inhibitory potential of some crop species (wheat, barley, canola, and safflower) and wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis). International Journal of Bioscience, 3(10): 212-220.
11. Rezaie, F. and Yarnia, M. 2009. Allelopathic effects of Chenopodium album, Amaranthus retroflexus and Cynodon dactylon on germination and growth of safflower. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment, 7: 516-521.
12. Reinhardt, C.F., Meissner, R. and Van Wyk, L.J. 1997. Allelopathic effects of Chenopodium album L. and Chenopodium polyspermum L. on another weed and two crop species. South African Journal of Plant and Soil, 14(4): 165-168. [DOI:10.1080/02571862.1997.10635102]
13. Rice, E.L. 1984. Allelopathy. Orlando, FL Academic Press 482 p.
14. Ruan, S. 2002. The influence of priming on germination of rice seeds and seedling emergence and performance in flooded soil. Seed Science and Technology, 30: 61-67.
15. Sandral, G.A., Dear, B.S., Pratley, J.E. and Cullis, B.R. 1997. Herbicides dose rate response curve in subterranean clover determined by a bioassay. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 37(1): 67-74. [DOI:10.1071/EA96067]
16. Szarnyas, I. 2000. Biology, Damage and possibilities of protection of some summer annual weeds, annual mercury (Mercurias annual L.), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) Common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) occurring in sugar beet. PhD. Thesis. The University of Tenesse.
17. Tanveer, A., Tahir, M.A. Nadeem., Younis, M., Aziz, A. and Yaseen, M. 2008. Allelopathic effects of Xanthium strumarium L. on seed germination and seedling growth of crops. Allelopathy Journal, 21(2): 317-328.
18. Vasilakogloou, I., Dehima, K. and Eleftherohorinos, L. 2005. Allelopathic potential of Bermuda grass and Johnson grass and their Interference with Cotton and Corn. Agronomy Journal, 97(1): 303-313.
19. Yang, C.M., Lee, C.N. and Chou, C.H.¬ 2002. Effects of three allelopathic phenolics on chlorophyll accumulation of rice (Oryza sativa) seedlings: I. Inhibition of supply-orientation. Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica, 43.

Add your comments about this article : Your username or Email:
CAPTCHA

Send email to the article author


Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

© 2024 CC BY-NC 4.0 | Iranian Journal of Seed Research

Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb


This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.